Recently in linux Category

Dmidecode:     
Type   Information
       ----------------------------------------
          0   BIOS
          1   System
          2   Base Board
          3   Chassis
          4   Processor
          5   Memory Controller
          6   Memory Module
          7   Cache
          8   Port Connector
          9   System Slots
         10   On Board Devices
         11   OEM Strings
         12   System Configuration Options
         13   BIOS Language
         14   Group Associations
         15   System Event Log
         16   Physical Memory Array
         17   Memory Device
         18   32-bit Memory Error
         19   Memory Array Mapped Address
         20   Memory Device Mapped Address
         21   Built-in Pointing Device
         22   Portable Battery
         23   System Reset
         24   Hardware Security
         25   System Power Controls
         26   Voltage Probe
         27   Cooling Device
         28   Temperature Probe
         29   Electrical Current Probe
         30   Out-of-band Remote Access
         31   Boot Integrity Services
         32   System Boot
         33   64-bit Memory Error
         34   Management Device
         35   Management Device Component
         36   Management Device Threshold Data
         37   Memory Channel
         38   IPMI Device
         39   Power Supply
        
Instead of type_id, you can also pass the keyword to the -t option of the dmidecode command. Following are the available keywords.
       Keyword     Types
       ------------------------------
       bios        0, 13
       system      1, 12, 15, 23, 32
       baseboard   2, 10
       chassis     3
       processor   4
       memory      5, 6, 16, 17
       cache       7
       connector   8
       slot        9   

# dmidecode -t 16

#dmidecode -t 17
or
#dmidecode -t memory

[2hei.net]# ipmitool
No command provided!
Commands:
    raw           Send a RAW IPMI request and print response
    i2c           Send an I2C Master Write-Read command and print response
    spd           Print SPD info from remote I2C device
    lan           Configure LAN Channels
    chassis       Get chassis status and set power state
    power         Shortcut to chassis power commands
    event         Send pre-defined events to MC
    mc            Management Controller status and global enables
    sdr           Print Sensor Data Repository entries and readings
    sensor        Print detailed sensor information
    fru           Print built-in FRU and scan SDR for FRU locators
    gendev        Read/Write Device associated with Generic Device locators sdr
    sel           Print System Event Log (SEL)
    pef           Configure Platform Event Filtering (PEF)
    sol           Configure and connect IPMIv2.0 Serial-over-LAN
    tsol          Configure and connect with Tyan IPMIv1.5 Serial-over-LAN
    isol          Configure IPMIv1.5 Serial-over-LAN
    user          Configure Management Controller users
    channel       Configure Management Controller channels
    session       Print session information
    sunoem        OEM Commands for Sun servers
    kontronoem    OEM Commands for Kontron devices
    picmg         Run a PICMG/ATCA extended cmd
    fwum          Update IPMC using Kontron OEM Firmware Update Manager
    firewall      Configure Firmware Firewall
    shell         Launch interactive IPMI shell
    exec          Run list of commands from file
    set           Set runtime variable for shell and exec
    hpm           Update HPM components using PICMG HPM.1 file
    ekanalyzer    run FRU-Ekeying analyzer using FRU files
   
[2hei.net]# ipmitool event 3
Sending SAMPLE event: Memory - Correctable ECC
   0 | Pre-Init Time-stamp   | Memory #0x53 | Correctable ECC | Asserted
  
[2hei.net]# ipmitool sdr elist
CPU0 below Tmax  | 7Bh | ok  |  3.0 | 47 degrees C
CPU1 below Tmax  | 7Ah | ok  |  3.1 | 39 degrees C
DIMM0 Area(RT3)  | 7Eh | ok  |  7.0 | 30 degrees C
PCI Area(RT2)    | 7Fh | ok  |  7.0 | 36 degrees C
CPU0 VCORE       | 71h | ok  |  3.0 | 0.90 Volts

   
[2hei.net~]#mcelog --cpu nehalem --dmi < /var/log/mcelog >> /home/2hei.net/mcelog.dmi

CPU1 VCORE       | 70h | ok  |  3.1 | 1.02 Volts
3.3V             | 75h | ok  |  7.0 | 3.30 Volts
+12V             | 76h | ok  |  7.0 | 11.81 Volts
VBAT             | 79h | ok  |  7.0 | 3.12 Volts
5V               | 77h | ok  |  7.0 | 4.90 Volts
Sys.1(CPU 1)     | 80h | ns  |  7.0 | No Reading
Sys.2(CPU 0)     | 81h | ok  |  7.0 | 6720 RPM
Sys.3(Front 1)   | 82h | ok  |  7.0 | 4080 RPM
Sys.4(Front 2)   | 83h | ok  |  7.0 | 3840 RPM
Sys.5(Rear 1)    | 84h | ok  |  7.0 | 4200 RPM
Sys.6            | 85h | ns  |  7.0 | No Reading
Sys.7            | 86h | ns  |  7.0 | No Reading
Sys.8            | 87h | ns  |  7.0 | No Reading
Sys.9            | 88h | ns  |  7.0 | No Reading
Sys.10           | 89h | ns  |  7.0 | No Reading
 

CTRL + C    Cancels the currently running command.
CTRL + D    Logs out of the current session.
CTRL + Z    Cancels current operation, moves back a directory or takes the current operation and moves it to the background.
CTRL + A    Moves the cursor to first character.
CTRL + E    Moves the cursor to last character.
CTRL + R    Search history command
CTRL + W    Deletes the last word typed in. For example, if you typed 'mv file1 file2' this shortcut would delete file2.
CTRL + U    Erases the complete line.
CTRL + P    Paste previous line(s). same as up
CTRL + B    Moves the cursor backward one character.
CTRL + F    Moves the cursor forward one character.
CTRL + H    Erase one character. Similar to pressing backspace.
CTRL + S    Stops all output on screen (XOFF).
CTRL + Q    Turns all output stopped on screen back on (XON).

For files in /tmp directory, linux has cron at /etc/cron.daily to deal with:
[2hei.net cron.daily]$ cat tmpwatch
flags=-umc
/usr/sbin/tmpwatch "$flags" -x /tmp/.X11-unix -x /tmp/.XIM-unix \
    -x /tmp/.font-unix -x /tmp/.ICE-unix -x /tmp/.Test-unix 240 /tmp
/usr/sbin/tmpwatch "$flags" 720 /var/tmp
for d in /var/{cache/man,catman}/{cat?,X11R6/cat?,local/cat?}; do
    if [ -d "$d" ]; then
    /usr/sbin/tmpwatch "$flags" -f 720 "$d"
    fi
done

Linux will keep 10 days files in /tmp and 30 days in /var/tmp by default.

[2hei.net cron.daily]$ man tmpwatch
NAME
       tmpwatch - removes files which haven?. been accessed for a period of time

SYNOPSIS
       tmpwatch [-u|-m|-c] [-MUadfqstvx] [--verbose] [--force] [--all]
                      [--nodirs] [--nosymlinks] [--test] [--fuser] [--quiet]
                      [--atime|--mtime|--ctime] [--dirmtime] [--exclude <path>]
                      [--exclude-user <user>] <hours> <dirs>
OPTIONS
       -u, --atime
              Make the decision about deleting a file based on the file?. atime (access time). This is the default.

              Note that the periodic updatedb file system scans keep the atime of directories recent.

       -m, --mtime
              Make the decision about deleting a file based on the file?. mtime (modification time) instead of the atime.

       -c, --ctime
              Make the decision about deleting a file based on the file?. ctime (inode change time) instead of  the  atime;
              for directories, make the decision based on the mtime.

       -M, --dirmtime
              Make  the  decision  about deleting a directory based on the directory?. mtime (modification time) instead of
              the atime; completely ignore atime for directories.

       -a, --all
              Remove all file types, not just regular files, symbolic links and directories.

       -d, --nodirs
              Do not attempt to remove directories, even if they are empty.

       -d, --nosymlinks
              Do not attempt to remove symbolic links.

       -f, --force
              Remove files even if root doesn?. have write access (akin to rm -f).

       -q, --quiet
              Report only fatal errors.

       -s, --fuser
              Attempt to use the "fuser" command to see if a file is already open  before  removing  it.   Not  enabled  by
              default.    Does  help in some circumstances, but not all.  Dependent on fuser being installed in /sbin.  Not
              supported on HP-UX or Solaris.

       -t, --test
              Don?. remove files, but go through the motions of removing them. This implies -v.

       -U, --exclude-user=user
              Don?. remove files owned by user, which can be an user name or numeric user ID.

       -v, --verbose
              Print a verbose display. Two levels of verboseness are available -- use this option twice  to  get  the  most
              verbose output.

       -x, --exclude=path
              Skip  path;  if  path  is a directory, all files contained in it are skipped too.  If path does not exist, it
              must be an absolute path that contains no symbolic links.

/usr/sbin/smartctl --all /dev/sda -d ata
smartctl version 5.38 [x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/
Smartctl: Device Read Identity Failed (not an ATA/ATAPI device)

A mandatory SMART command failed: exiting. To continue, add one or more '-T permissive' options.

#my ENV:
[2hei.net ~]$ uname -a
Linux 2.6.18-194.26.1.el5 #1 SMP Tue Nov 9 12:54:20 EST 2010 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
[2hei.net ~]$ cat /etc/redhat-release
CentOS release 5.5 (Final)
[2hei.net ~]# rpm -qa|grep smart
smartmontools-5.38-2.el5
[2hei.net ~]# rpm -qf /usr/sbin/smartctl
smartmontools-5.38-2.el5

Looks Sata discs are not accessed via the '-d ata' option
#smartctl --help
  -d TYPE, --device=TYPE
         Specify device type to one of: ata, scsi, marvell, sat, 3ware,N

#get rid of -d ata        
[2hei.net ~]# /usr/sbin/smartctl --all /dev/sda
smartctl version 5.38 [x86_64-redhat-linux-gnu] Copyright (C) 2002-8 Bruce Allen
Home page is http://smartmontools.sourceforge.net/

=== START OF INFORMATION SECTION ===
Device Model:     WDC WD1002FBYS-02A6B0
Serial Number:    WD-WMATV6555969
Firmware Version: 03.00C06
User Capacity:    1,000,204,886,016 bytes
Device is:        Not in smartctl database [for details use: -P showall]
ATA Version is:   8
ATA Standard is:  Exact ATA specification draft version not indicated
Local Time is:    Wed Jul  6 03:32:03 2011 UTC
SMART support is: Available - device has SMART capability.
SMART support is: Enabled

=== START OF READ SMART DATA SECTION ===
SMART overall-health self-assessment test result: PASSED

General SMART Values:
Offline data collection status:  (0x84)    Offline data collection activity
                    was suspended by an interrupting command from host.
                    Auto Offline Data Collection: Enabled.
Self-test execution status:      (   0)    The previous self-test routine completed
                    without error or no self-test has ever
                    been run.
Total time to complete Offline
data collection:          (18600) seconds.
Offline data collection
capabilities:              (0x7b) SMART execute Offline immediate.
                    Auto Offline data collection on/off support.
                    Suspend Offline collection upon new
                    command.
                    Offline surface scan supported.
                    Self-test supported.
                    Conveyance Self-test supported.
                    Selective Self-test supported.
SMART capabilities:            (0x0003)    Saves SMART data before entering
                    power-saving mode.
                    Supports SMART auto save timer.
Error logging capability:        (0x01)    Error logging supported.
                    General Purpose Logging supported.
Short self-test routine
recommended polling time:      (   2) minutes.
Extended self-test routine
recommended polling time:      ( 214) minutes.
Conveyance self-test routine
recommended polling time:      (   5) minutes.
SCT capabilities:            (0x303f)    SCT Status supported.
                    SCT Feature Control supported.
                    SCT Data Table supported.

SMART Attributes Data Structure revision number: 16
Vendor Specific SMART Attributes with Thresholds:
ID# ATTRIBUTE_NAME          FLAG     VALUE WORST THRESH TYPE      UPDATED  WHEN_FAILED RAW_VALUE
  1 Raw_Read_Error_Rate     0x002f   200   200   051    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  3 Spin_Up_Time            0x0027   253   253   021    Pre-fail  Always       -       1100
  4 Start_Stop_Count        0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       28
  5 Reallocated_Sector_Ct   0x0033   200   200   140    Pre-fail  Always       -       0
  7 Seek_Error_Rate         0x002e   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
  9 Power_On_Hours          0x0032   089   089   000    Old_age   Always       -       8195
 10 Spin_Retry_Count        0x0032   100   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 11 Calibration_Retry_Count 0x0032   100   253   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
 12 Power_Cycle_Count       0x0032   100   100   000    Old_age   Always       -       26
192 Power-Off_Retract_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       25
193 Load_Cycle_Count        0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       2
194 Temperature_Celsius     0x0022   116   112   000    Old_age   Always       -       34
196 Reallocated_Event_Count 0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
197 Current_Pending_Sector  0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
198 Offline_Uncorrectable   0x0030   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0
199 UDMA_CRC_Error_Count    0x0032   200   200   000    Old_age   Always       -       0
200 Multi_Zone_Error_Rate   0x0008   200   200   000    Old_age   Offline      -       0

SMART Error Log Version: 1
No Errors Logged

SMART Self-test log structure revision number 1
Num  Test_Description    Status                  Remaining  LifeTime(hours)  LBA_of_first_error
# 1  Extended offline    Completed without error       00%      8195         -
# 2  Short offline       Completed without error       00%      8189         -

SMART Selective self-test log data structure revision number 1
 SPAN  MIN_LBA  MAX_LBA  CURRENT_TEST_STATUS
    1        0        0  Not_testing
    2        0        0  Not_testing
    3        0        0  Not_testing
    4        0        0  Not_testing
    5        0        0  Not_testing
Selective self-test flags (0x0):
  After scanning selected spans, do NOT read-scan remainder of disk.
If Selective self-test is pending on power-up, resume after 0 minute delay.

also some said libata patch is needed!

1. yum install openvpn
wget http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/epel/5/i386/epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
yum install epel-release-5-4.noarch.rpm
yum intall openvpn

vnp configs: 2hei.net.ovpn
add:
--script-security 2
up "/etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf up"
down "/etc/openvpn/update-resolv-conf down"

script: update-resolv-conf
#!/bin/bash
case "$1" in
    up)
        mv /etc/resolv.conf /etc/resolv.conf.openvpn
        echo "# Generated by OpenVPN Client UP Script" > /etc/resolv.conf
        echo "search 2hei.net" > /etc/resolv.conf
        for opt in ${!foreign_option_*};
        do
            #echo ${!opt} | sed -e 's/dhcp-option DOMAIN/domain/g' -e 's/dhcp-option DNS/nameserver/g' >> /etc/resolv.conf
            echo ${!opt} | sed -e 's/dhcp-option DNS/nameserver/g' >> /etc/resolv.conf
        done
        #add orig nameserver
        grep nameserver /etc/resolv.conf.openvpn >> /etc/resolv.conf
        ;;
    down)
        mv /etc/resolv.conf.openvpn /etc/resolv.conf
        ;;
    *)
        echo "Pass either UP or DOWN"
        ;;
esac

cat start_client_dc1.sh
#!/bin/sh
/usr/sbin/openvpn /etc/openvpn/2hei.net.ovpn


2. update firefox on centos
down load new version of firfox
ln -s /usr/local/firefox/firefox /usr/bin


3. use java web start on firefox
download new version of jre
sh ./jre-6u25-linux-x64-rpm.bin
alternatives --install /usr/bin/java java /usr/java/jre1.6.0_25/bin/java 2
alternatives --config java     # pick 1 or 2 or 3
java -version
cd /usr/lib/mozilla/plugins
ln -s /usr/java/jre1.6.0_25/lib/amd64/libnpjp2.so

4. vnc
[2hei.net# .vnc]$ cat xstartup
#!/bin/sh

# Uncomment the following two lines for normal desktop:
# unset SESSION_MANAGER
# exec /etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc

[ -x /etc/vnc/xstartup ] && exec /etc/vnc/xstartup
[ -r $HOME/.Xresources ] && xrdb $HOME/.Xresources
xsetroot -solid grey
vncconfig -iconic &
xterm -geometry 80x24+10+10 -ls -title "$VNCDESKTOP Desktop" &
gnome-session &

start vncserver
vncserver

####### bond0 #######
dond0 use dhcp
$cat ifcfg-bond0
DEVICE=bond0
BOOTPROTO=dhcp
ONBOOT=yes

$cat ifcfg-eth0
DEVICE=eth0
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
USERCTL=no
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes

DEVICE=eth1
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
USERCTL=no
MASTER=bond0
SLAVE=yes

####### bond1 #######
$cat ifcfg-bond1
DEVICE=bond1
BOOTPROTO=none
ONBOOT=yes
IPADDR=192.168.56.101
NETMASK=255.255.255.0
BONDING_OPTS="mode=1 miimon=80 arp_interval=500 arp_ip_target=192.168.56.1"          

$cat ifcfg-eth2
DEVICE=eth2
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
USERCTL=no
MASTER=bond1
SLAVE=yes

$cat ifcfg-eth3
DEVICE=eth3
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=none
USERCTL=no
MASTER=bond1
SLAVE=yes

#######################3
cat /etc/modprobe.conf
add:
alias bond1 bonding
options bond1 miimon=80 mode=1

$modprobe bonding
$sudo /sbin/service network restart
$cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
$cat /proc/net/bonding/bond1

[root@2hei.net ~]# ifconfig
bond0     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:88:8C:E3  
          inet addr:10.100.10.110  Bcast:10.100.10.255  Mask:255.255.254.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe88:8ce3/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:50626 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2674 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:4491313 (4.2 MiB)  TX bytes:425663 (415.6 KiB)

bond1     Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:6F:EE:83  
          inet addr:192.168.56.101  Bcast:192.168.56.255  Mask:255.255.255.0
          inet6 addr: fe80::a00:27ff:fe6f:ee83/64 Scope:Link
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING MASTER MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1980 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2064 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:0
          RX bytes:124007 (121.1 KiB)  TX bytes:111090 (108.4 KiB)

eth0      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:88:8C:E3  
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:26130 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2405 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:2316248 (2.2 MiB)  TX bytes:386534 (377.4 KiB)

eth1      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:88:8C:E3  
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:24505 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:289 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:2175605 (2.0 MiB)  TX bytes:42289 (41.2 KiB)

eth2      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:6F:EE:83  
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:1980 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:2032 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:124007 (121.1 KiB)  TX bytes:105295 (102.8 KiB)

eth3      Link encap:Ethernet  HWaddr 08:00:27:6F:EE:83  
          UP BROADCAST RUNNING SLAVE MULTICAST  MTU:1500  Metric:1
          RX packets:0 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 frame:0
          TX packets:32 errors:0 dropped:0 overruns:0 carrier:0
          collisions:0 txqueuelen:1000
          RX bytes:0 (0.0 b)  TX bytes:5795 (5.6 KiB)

[root@2hei.net ~]# mii-tool
eth0: no autonegotiation, 100baseTx-FD, link ok
eth1: no autonegotiation, 100baseTx-FD, link ok
eth2: no autonegotiation, 100baseTx-FD, link ok
eth3: no autonegotiation, 100baseTx-FD, link ok

[root@2hei.net ~]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond0
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.4.0 (October 7, 2008)

Bonding Mode: load balancing (round-robin)
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 0
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0

Slave Interface: eth0
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 08:00:27:88:8c:e3

Slave Interface: eth1
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 08:00:27:2d:3d:56

[root@2hei.net ~]# cat /proc/net/bonding/bond1
Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver: v3.4.0 (October 7, 2008)

Bonding Mode: fault-tolerance (active-backup)
Primary Slave: None
Currently Active Slave: eth2
MII Status: up
MII Polling Interval (ms): 0
Up Delay (ms): 0
Down Delay (ms): 0
ARP Polling Interval (ms): 500
ARP IP target/s (n.n.n.n form): 192.168.56.1

Slave Interface: eth2
MII Status: up
Link Failure Count: 0
Permanent HW addr: 08:00:27:6f:ee:83

Slave Interface: eth3
MII Status: down
Link Failure Count: 1
Permanent HW addr: 08:00:27:9c:5a:b8          

we have two ways:

1. finding netcard driver by syslog
grep -i 'driver' /var/log/messages
or
dmesg | grep -i driver

2.lsmod  
#try to find netcard type.

[root@2hei.net]# modinfo e1000
filename:       /lib/modules/2.6.9-34.ELsmp/kernel/drivers/net/e1000/e1000.ko
parm:           debug:Debug level (0=none,...,16=all)
version:        6.1.16-k3-NAPI 4BCC06D27AAC4C711223CC9
license:        GPL
description:    Intel(R) PRO/1000 Network Driver
author:         Intel Corporation, <linux.nics@intel.com>


[root@2hei.net]# modinfo igb
filename:       /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.11.1.el5/kernel/drivers/net/igb/igb.ko
version:        1.3.16-k2
license:        GPL
description:    Intel(R) Gigabit Ethernet Network Driver
author:         Intel Corporation, <e1000-devel@lists.sourceforge.net>
srcversion:     78555F0A019E05BADBD95AA

[root@2hei.net]# modinfo bonding
filename:       /lib/modules/2.6.18-164.11.1.el5/kernel/drivers/net/bonding/bonding.ko
author:         Thomas Davis, tadavis@lbl.gov and many others
description:    Ethernet Channel Bonding Driver, v3.4.0
version:        3.4.0
license:        GPL
srcversion:     7989A7EEF2EE7B5D78C0E79
depends:        ipv6
vermagic:       2.6.18-164.11.1.el5 SMP mod_unload gcc-4.1